Skip to cookie consent Skip to main content

Singing the Praises of the Ross Procedure, an Alternative to Conventional Aortic Valve Replacement

Contributors: Emily Shou Wai Lau, MD, MPH and Jordan Bloom, MD, MPH
9 minute read
Sara with her husband, Rod
Sara with her husband, Rod

Around age 5, Sara Bielanski was found to have a heart murmur (a whooshing or swishing sound that occurs when blood doesn't flow smoothly through the heart). For many kids, a heart murmur is harmless and goes away on its own. For Sara, it was an early sign of a serious heart problem. 

The cause of the murmur later became clear: aortic stenosis (a narrowing of the aortic valve). The condition restricts blood flow from the heart to the aorta (the artery that carries blood to the rest of the body). This causes the heart to work harder, raising the risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest over time. 

When Sara was 35, tests showed her stenosis was getting worse. Her cardiologist said she needed aortic valve replacement. During the operation, surgeons replaced her aortic valve with a biological valve made from animal tissue. 

Shortly after surgery, Sara had an epileptic seizure for the first time. She has since grown accustomed to dealing with both seizures and heart problems. "Juggling these two issues shows how resilient I am, that I'm a survivor and a warrior," she said. 

The biological valve implanted in Sara typically lasts only eight to 12 years in young patients. About 13 years later, the valve reached its end of life. This time, Sara turned to Mass General Brigham Heart and Vascular Institute for a more lasting solution for her aortic valve disease: the Ross procedure. She has had a great outcome and is feeling more like herself again. 

"My husband and I recently went to France to celebrate the one-year anniversary of my surgery," Sara said. "There were days when I was taking 17,000 steps, and it was all just fine."

Signs that stenosis was progressing

One constant throughout Sara's life has been music. At age 4, she started singing regularly around the house. She went on to perform in community theater productions throughout elementary school. In sixth grade, she played Maria in a school production of "Sound of Music." 

"Having been inspired by Julie Andrews in the original film, that was a dream," she said. "I was so excited. That show officially sealed the deal that I would have a career in music."  

Sara studied music and vocal performance in college and graduate school before becoming a professional vocalist whose repertoire spans classical music, jazz, and other genres. In addition, she teaches voice at Berklee College of Music and Longy School of Music of Bard College. 

At age 47, Sara began experiencing shortness of breath and tightness in her chest. She scheduled an appointment with her cardiologist at Mass General Brigham, Emily Shou Wai Lau, MD, MPH, to discuss the symptoms.  

Sara had been having regular echocardiograms (ultrasounds of the heart) for many years. In comparing a new echocardiogram with the prior one, Dr. Lau saw troubling signs. "In just a few months, her aortic valve had clearly deteriorated," Dr. Lau said. "Also, her symptoms were getting worse. It was time to have the valve replaced."'

Now the question was, what kind of surgery should Sara have? Aortic valve replacement often involves using a biological or mechanical valve. As she knew, biological valves eventually wear out and must be replaced. Mechanical valves tend to last longer but require the patient to take blood thinners. They also produce a faint clicking sound that could prove distracting to a vocalist like Sara. 

"I had no interest in anything that would affect my singing, so that was out of the question," she recalled with her characteristic bluntness. 

However, there is an alternative to conventional aortic valve replacement: the Ross. And one of the country's leading experts in the procedure, Jordan Bloom, MD, MPH, happens to practice at Mass General Brigham. 

A complex procedure with many advantages

A well-educated patient who plays an active role in her care, Sara did extensive research on cardiac surgeons. She liked what she learned about Dr. Bloom—especially his expertise in the Ross. Besides regularly performing the procedure, Dr. Bloom offers training so that more surgeons can conduct it safely. He's also involved in research to understand the factors that determine the outcome of a particular Ross. 

Sara's husband, Rod Lozano, joined her at her first appointment with Dr. Bloom. "We immediately fell in love with him," she said. "He's personable, direct, and honest, and he laid out all of my options very clearly. He even urged me to get opinions from other doctors if that would make me more comfortable." 

During the Ross, surgeons replace the diseased aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve. They then use a donated human valve to replace the pulmonary valve.

The Ross, which was first performed in 1967, has many advantages over the alternatives. The risk of infection and blood clots is much lower. Patients don't need to take blood thinners. There's no clicking sound. Stenosis doesn't come back, and most patients will never need reoperation. And it's the only surgical option for aortic valve disease that is known to restore a normal life expectancy. 

Since the Ross is a highly complex procedure, the surgeon's experience is crucial to patient outcomes.

Studies show that you need to do about one Ross every month, consistently over time, to do it safely. That's why I've focused on building a high-volume program at Mass General Brigham. We're one of the busiest Ross centers in the country.

Jordan Bloom, MD, MPH
Cardiac Surgeon
Mass General Brigham

Although there's no hard age limit, the Ross is ideal for younger patients with aortic valve disease. Since these individuals have long lives ahead of them, they have the most to gain from the procedure. Given Sara's age, active lifestyle, and personal preferences, Drs. Bloom and Lau believed the Ross was by far her best option. Her surgery was scheduled for later that month. 

Sara with her Mass General Brigham cardiac rehabilitation providers
Sara with her Mass General Brigham cardiac rehabilitation providers

A life without restrictions

Sara's operation lasted six-and-a-half hours—a standard length for someone with a prior aortic valve replacement, Dr. Bloom said. She had no major complications and stayed at Massachusetts General Hospital for six days. Before discharge, an echocardiogram found her new and transferred valves were working fine. 

Upon arriving back home, Sara felt tired and weak. But she could also sense her heart was working better. With Rod tending to her every need, she started the long process of recovery. For the first couple months, she focused on walking for progressively longer periods. Then she moved on to cardiac rehabilitation at Mass General. 

Now 49, Sara is scheduled to see Dr. Lau for follow-up once a year. Dr. Lau will keep an eye on her blood pressure and continue reviewing annual echocardiograms to confirm the valves are working as expected. 

"Other than that, there's really nothing that we worry about," Dr. Bloom said. "Patients can do whatever they want and are encouraged to stay active. I've got Ross patients who are running marathons and playing high-level competitive sports. I even have a mixed martial arts fighter who takes punches to the chest." 

According to Sara, "One of the most compelling things about Dr. Bloom is his modesty, despite his resolute confidence in his ability. I'd liken it to winning first place in an opera or jazz competition every single time. I cannot emphasize enough how important this was for me."

Having devoted all her energy to her health and her students in recent years, Sara is now rededicating herself to her vocal studies in the hopes of returning to the stage soon. She is thankful to her Mass General Brigham care team for making her comeback possible. 

"Everybody there has been top of the line—very meticulous, conscientious, and caring," Sara concluded. "I feel like they're invested in me, and that gives me a sense of relief. I'm very pleased with the care I've received."


Learn about Mass General Brigham Heart and Vascular services


Emily Shou Wai Lau, MD, MPH headshot

Contributor

Jordan Bloom, MD, MPH headshot

Contributor

Cardiac Surgeon