Study Finds Improvement in Knee Pain with Exercise and Physical Therapy

Key Takeaways

• Mass General Brigham researchers showed that all trial participants with knee osteoarthritis, meniscal tear, and knee pain improved.
• Participants who received a home exercise program as well as standard or sham physical therapy (PT) had a small additional improvement compared with those who received the home exercise program without PT.
• Outcomes in those receiving standard and sham PT were similar.

People with a meniscal tear and osteoarthritis prescribed home exercises with or without physical therapy reported substantial improvements in knee pain, according to a new study led by Mass General Brigham researchers. Participants who had regular visits with a physical therapist over three months, in addition to the home exercise program, reported slightly greater pain relief at the 6- and 12-month follow up timepoints than those who had home exercise alone. This additional improvement may have stemmed from the interpersonal aspects of working with the therapist rather than the therapist’s exercise instruction. Results are published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The Treatment of Meniscal Problems in Osteoarthritis (TeMPO) study was conducted at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), University at Buffalo, Cleveland Clinic and the University of Pittsburgh. The trial enrolled 879 participants with an average age of 59 years. Participants were randomized to receive home exercise; home exercise and standard in-clinic physical therapy (PT); or home exercise and in-clinic sham PT.

The home exercise program consisted of 25 minutes of lower extremity stretching and strengthening exercises 4 times per week. Participants received a video and pamphlets to guide them through the home exercises. In the standard and sham PT arms, participants also saw a physical therapist 2 times a week in the first month, weekly in the second month, and every other week in the third month. Standard PT consisted of muscle stretching and strengthening, manual therapy, and neuromuscular training, while sham PT consisted of sham manual therapy and sham ultrasound.

The investigators did not observe clinically important or statistically significant differences in pain reduction between the groups at 3 months. However, participants in the standard PT and sham PT groups experienced slightly greater pain improvement at 6 and 12 months, compared to those who did not see a therapist.

“On average, participants in all groups reported moderately severe pain at the start of the study and much milder pain 3, 6, and 12 months later,” said lead author Jeffrey Katz, MD, MSc, clinical director of the Orthopaedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system. “We observed similar improvement in the standard PT and sham PT groups, suggesting that personal interactions with a physical therapist may have been more influential than the physical therapy itself.”

Katz explained that the study was designed to mimic typical one-on-one, half-hour PT sessions offered in the U.S. The findings should be generalized cautiously to settings that employ longer sessions, group sessions, or different visit frequency.

Authorship: In addition to Katz, Mass General Brigham authors include Jamie E. Collins, Morgan H. Jones, Faith Selzer, Clare E. Safran-Norton, Heidi Y. Yang, Swastina Shrestha, James K. Sullivan, Kaetlyn Arant, Maame Opare Addo, Jamie L. Huizinga, Zoe Zimmerman, Derek Sople, Madhuri Kale, Antonia F. Chen, Elizabeth G. Matzkin, Scott D. Martin, Courtney Dawson, and Elena Losina. Additional authors include Leslie Bisson, James J. Irrgang, Kurt P. Spindler, Kim L. Bennell, Melissa A. Kluczynski, Peter Tonsoline, William M. Wind, Jr., Michael Freitas, Bryson Lesniak, Kelly Jordan, Lutul Farrow, Volker Musahl, and John J. Leddy.

Disclosures: The study did not investigate any commercial products.

Funding: Supported primarily by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (U01AR071658; R21AR076156; P30AR072577; K01AR075879).

Paper cited: Katz JN et al. “A Randomized Trial of Physical Therapy for Meniscal Tear and Knee Pain” New England Journal of Medicine DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2503385